. She ordered the story of her divine birth to be carved inside her mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahri. This was a very clever move on her part as the carving shows how her mother (Queen Ahmose) was visited by the God, Amun, and told that she was to bear a daughter. During her reign she managed to maintain Egypts' stability, power and wealth without launching any military campaigns. Hatshepsut continued to rule for more than 20 years until she suddenly vanished from history... Tuthmosis III, by now a grown man, took his rightful place as Ruler, and for some reason, very late in his reign, went to great lengths to try and remove all traces of Hatshepsuts years on the throne. Hatshepsut was buried in tomb KV 20 in the valley of the Kings, only to be moved at some time in the past to KV21 or KV60.
Women in Ancient Egypt had more legal rights than women from other civilized nations such as Rome or Greece. Women in Ancient Egypt had inheritance rights, could represent themselves in courts, determine who they wanted to marry and obtain a divorce if necessary. The path to be Pharaoh of Egypt had to be obtained through the oldest daughter of a sitting/last pharaoh. Women had much the same rights as men. While men had tougher jobs, fishing with nets, sowing fields, building etc., Women were able to obtain work as well, and they were paid the same as any male counter part. Women where punished the same as men, befitting the crime. Husbands had no rights that wives didn't...except one. Men could take on more than one wife. For some reason women couldn't have more than one legal husband. Often the other wives where like helpers to the chief wife. Women ran their house holds, like they do today, even if they worked out side of the house.
A theory has been advanced that Hatshepsut's daughter, princess Neferure, is the princess told about in the Bible that found the infant Moses floating in a basket on the Nile. If this theory were true, that would make Hatshepsuts stepson, Pharaoh Tuthmosis III or his son Pharaoh Amenhotep II the Pharaoh of the bible during the enslavement of the Jewish people and the Pharaoh of the Exodus.
The tomb KV-60 contained three women. One was found in a mans coffin and has been identified as Sitre In, Hatshepsuts wet-nurse. Sitre In's mummy is now in the Cairo Museum. The identity of the other two women has not been established, but one of the women has her left arm flexed and crossed over her chest, the pose of a Queen. Is this Pharaoh Hatshepsut, I think it is. She was a heavy set women, indicating an easy life with plenty of food and her teeth were worn down indicating an older person. I personally believe that Hatshepsuts stepson, Tuthmosis III was never strong enough to overthrow his step mother and only after she died from natural causes was he able to claim the throne.
6/27/07 - CAIRO, Egypt (AP) - The long-overlooked mummy of an obese woman, who likely suffered from diabetes and liver cancer, has been identified as Queen Hatshepsut, ancient Egypt's most powerful female pharaoh, Egyptian archaeologists said Wednesday.
A single tooth was key to solving one of the greatest mysteries of ancient Egypt, said Zahi Hawass, the country's antiquities chief.
If fully confirmed - DNA tests are still ongoing - the discovery could be the most significant find since archaeologists discovered King Tutankhamun's tomb in 1922, experts say.
Hatshepsut ruled for 20 years in the 15th century B.C., dressing like a man and wearing a fake beard. A monumental builder, she wielded more power than two other famous ancient Egyptian women, Cleopatra and Nefertiti, who unlike her never took the title of pharaoh.
But when she died, all traces of her mysteriously disappeared, including her mummy.
In 1903, a mummy was found lying on the ground next to the sarcophagus holding the mummy of the queen's wet nurse in a tomb in the Valley of Kings burial ground in Luxor. For decades, that mummy was left unidentified and remained in the tomb because it was thought to be insignificant.
A year ago, Hawass began a search for Hatshepsut's mummy. At the same time, the Discovery Channel, which is to broadcast a documentary on the find in July, gave Egypt $5 million to set up a DNA lab to test mummies. The lab was established in the basement of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.
Two months ago, the unidentified mummy was brought from Luxor to the museum for DNA testing. Hawass said his first clue that it could be the lost queen was the position of the left hand on her chest - a traditional sign of royalty in ancient Egypt.
Experts then made a stunning match. A tooth that had been found in relic box displaying Hatshepsut's insignia and containing embalmed organs fit a gap in the mummy's jaw. Still uncompleted DNA testing also has shown similarities between the mummy and the mummy of Hatshepsut's grandmother, which was identified previously.
"We are 100 percent certain" the mummy belongs to Hatshepsut, Hawass told The Associated Press.
On Wednesday, Hawass unveiled both mummies - Hatshepsut's and her wet nurse, which initially was investigated as possibly being the queen.
The strikingly different mummies were displayed inside long glass cases draped with Egyptian flags. Hatshepsut's linen-wrapped mummy was bald and much larger than the slim, child-size mummy of the wet nurse, Sitr-In, which had rust-colored locks of hair.
Hawass said the mummy suggested the woman was obese, probably suffered from diabetes, had liver cancer and died in her 50s.
Hatshepsut is believed to have stolen the throne from her young stepson, Thutmose III, who scratched her name from stone records in revenge after her death.
Her two-decade rule was the longest among ancient Egyptian queens, at a time of the New Kingdom's "golden age." She is said to have amassed enormous wealth, channeling it into building projects, and launched military campaigns as far away as the Euphrates River in present-day Iraq, and Nubia in what is now Sudan.
Ahead of Wednesday's announcement, molecular biologist Scott Woodward, director of the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation in Salt Lake City, Utah, was cautious.
"It's a very difficult process to obtain DNA from a mummy," said Woodward, who has done DNA research on mummies. "To make a claim as to a relationship, you need other individuals from which you have obtained DNA, to make a comparison between the DNA sequences."
Such DNA material would typically come from parents or grandparents. With female mummies, the most common type of DNA to look for is the mitochondrial DNA that reveals maternal lineage, said Woodward.
Egyptian molecular geneticist Yehia Zakaria Gad, who is on Hawass' team, said DNA bone samples were obtained from the mummy's hip bone and femur.
Scientists then extracted mitochondrial DNA and are now comparing them with samples from the mummy of Hatshepsut's grandmother, Ahmose Nefretari, he said. The preliminary results were "very encouraging," Gad said.
Molecular biologist Paul Evans, of Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, said the discovery would be remarkable if DNA testing fully proves the mummy is Hatshepsut.
"It's clear that this is on the right track. Once the DNA is done and published, then we will know better," Evans told The Associated Press. "Hatshepsut is an individual who has a unique place in Egypt's history. To have her identified is on the same magnitude as King Tut's discovery."
Hatshepsut's most famous accomplishment is her funerary temple in ancient Thebes, on the west bank of the Nile in today's Luxor. The collonaded sandstone temple was built to serve as tribute to her power. Surrounding it are the Valley of Kings and the Valley of the Queens, the burial places of Egypt's pharaohs and their wives.
She was one of the most prolific builders among the pharaohs, commissioning hundreds of construction projects throughout both Upper and Lower Egypt. Almost every major museum in the world has a collection of Hatshepsut statuary.
British archaeologist Howard Carter had worked on excavating Hatshepsut's tomb before discovering the tomb of the boy-king, Tutankhamun, whose treasure of gold has become a symbol of ancient Egypt's splendor.Home
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