NAPOLEON'S SECRET INSTRUCTIONS TO GENERAL LECLERC

" Toussaint will be subdued only when he will come to the Cap or to Port au Prince, amidst the French army, to pledge fidelity to the Republic. That day, it is necessary, without any scandal, without any insult, but with honor and consideration, to put him on board of a frigate and send him to France. If possible, arrest at the same time Moyse and Dessalines, or pursue them to the bitter end and then, send to France all the white followers of Toussaint, all the blacks having had positions and suspected of malevolence. Declare Moyse and Dessalines traitors to the country and enemies of the French people. The troops will take the field, and take no rest before getting their heads and disperse and disarm all their partisans". Continue

IN comparative studies of race and slavery, France's colonies often appear in an intermediate position between Iberian and Anglo-Saxon extremes. The institutions of the French colonies exhibited in attenuated form the Catholic absolutism of the Iberians, whereas the colonies' social structures closely resembled that of the North European colonies. Scholars who discuss colonial slave laws, the frequency with which slaves were freed, or racial integration often situate French slave society somewhere between northern and southern European polar types. In the history of the Atlantic slave trade... continue

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