The Distribution of
Dragonflies And Damselflies (Odonata) in Georgia
Bill Mauffray and Giff Beaton
(Mauffray)
International Odonata Research Institute, % Division of Plant Industry
P.0. Box 147100, Gainesville, FL. 32614< iodonata@bellsouth.net >
(Beaton)
320 Willow Glen Dr, Marietta
GA 30068 giffbeaton@mindspring.com
ISSN 1061-3781
Bulletin Of American
Odonatology: Vol 9, No 2: pp 21-66
10-June 2005
Modified for the web by Bill
Mauffray
Abstract
We present a list of 173 odonate taxa (170 species)
from Georgia. Four taxa are newly added
to the state list: Calopteryx amata,
Argia fumipennis violacea, Enallagma coecum, and
Gomphus australis. Several
species listed in recent publications are removed from the list: Lestes forcipatus, Gomphus crassus,
Gomphus septima, Cordulegaster diastatops, Epitheca spinigera, Erythrodiplax
umbrata, Ladona exusta, and Libellula jesseana. Synonyms and unsupportable older species
records are discussed.
Introduction
A comprehensive distributional study of Georgia
dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) is presented. Listed are 173 taxa
comprising 170 species, including 51 species (53 taxa) of Zygoptera and 120
taxa representing 119 species of Anisoptera. Data was derived from both
author’s field studies throughout Georgia between 1995 and 2004, examination of
specimen data in several museums, field notes of others, and from literature.
In 1995 a Georgia Dragonfly Survey was organized. A
number of field trips were organized to cover many of Georgia’s counties to
discover new records. Several Dragonfly Society of the Americas (DSA) regional
meetings were held to assist with the survey. The junior author, a resident of
Georgia, criss-crossed the state with both net and camera in hand, accumulating
over 1500 new records during the study period. Meanwhile the senior author
inventoried the collections at the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia;
the Florida State collection of Arthropods (FSCA) in Gainesville, Florida, and
the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) in Washington, DC. Data was also
compiled from a number of researchers and an extensive literature review was
performed.
A study of references from surrounding states has
helped to formulate a better understanding of the distribution of Odonata
species within Georgia. References to doubtful records were researched and are
presented and a list of species expected in Georgia is discussed. The extensive
bibliography includes references from Georgia, as well as those from surrounding
states of Alabama, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and northern
Florida. The results of this 10-year study have helped fill quite a few
distributional gaps within Georgia. The Georgia list is now comparable with
other eastern states such as Alabama, 173 (Tennessen, et al 1995); Florida, 162
(Dunkle, 1992); New Jersey, 172 (May & Carle, 1996); New York 175
(Donnelly, 1992); Ohio, 156 (Glotzhober, 1995). It is hoped that this list will
stimulate continuing studies within Georgia.
Two web sites (<http://www,afn.org/~iori/galist.htm>
and <http://www.giffbeaton.com/dragonflies.htm>) were established in
conjunction with this survey. Both will continue to be maintained in order to
provide a vehicle for new records to be posted. Also, an annual summary will be
posted in ARGIA, the newsletter of Dragonfly Society of the Americas.
Historical review Click here to see Spreadsheet of Georgia Odonata history (not
part of printed version)
An extensive study of literature records was
performed by the senior author. The historical study of Georgia Odonata has
some interesting turns and twists. Several species which were listed during the
19th century have been either synonymized or removed to doubtful status. The earliest
records found include 4 taxa listed by Burmeister (1839). During the next 50
years, Hagen (1861, 1863, 1874 & 1875), Rambur (1842) and Selys (1850,
1853, 1854a, 1854b, 1858, 1862, 1876, 1878a, 1876b & 1879) added 71 more
taxa and 4 were removed due to synonymy, resulting in 71 taxa on the list by
mid 1890. Many of these early records were based on one or only a few
specimens. Some of these records have
been cited multiple times over the years leading one to believe that there were
many early Georgia records. Several of the doubtful taxa that we have removed
in this report refer to a single record made during this period.
Between mid 1890 and 1923, Bradley
(1914), Calvert (1893 & 1902, 1913), Davis
(1911), Kirby (1890), Martin (1906) Muttkowski (1910, 1915), Ris (1910
& 1911) and Williamson (1923a, 1923b) added 19 taxa and removed one taxon
bringing the total to 88. This cumulative total was increased to 99 by the
addition of 11 species by Root (1924).
By 1954 the total increased to 111 as a result of additions by Byers
(1927b, 1931 & 1937), Montgomery (1947) Needham & Heywood (1929),
Pritchard (1935), Walker (1925 & 1952), Westfall (1943, 1953) and
Williamson (1932, 1934). Six were removed during this period.
In 1955, Needham & Westfall added 11 Anisoptera
and listed a total 77 Anisoptera from Georgia. The cumulative total of Odonata
stood at 122 species. By 1995 the list had grown to 149 with additions from
Bick (1978 & 1990), Carle (1979, 1980, 1982), Donnelly (1973), Dunkle
(1975, 1983), Garrison (1994a), Gloyd (1968), Kormondy (1960) and Louton
(1982). Bennefield (1965), Johnson (1973b) and Westfall and Tennessen (1979)
removed three species from the list.
During the Georgia Dragonfly Survey
period, which began in 1995, thirty-two additional records were published by
Bick (1997), Caldwell (1999), Mauffray (1998, 2003, 2004), Needham, Westfall,
and May (1996) and Westfall and May (2000). The senior author, who assisted
with the distributional data for both of those publications, provided most of
the records in the latter two. One species was removed by Bick (2003). The
total was 180 prior to this publication.
Four new taxa are added here: Calopteryx
amata, Argia fumipennia violacea, Enallagma coecum, Gomphus australis;
and 11 species are removed from the list due to various reasons. With these
adjustments the final list stands at 173 taxa representing 170 species.
Zygoptera total 53 taxa representing the families: Calopterygidae, Lestidae,
Coenagrionidae, and Anisoptera total 80 taxa, including the families
Petaluridae, Aeshnidae, Gomphidae, Cordulegastridae, Corduliidae, and
Libellulidae.
Physiography of Georgia, and Distribution of
Odonata Maps: Physiographic
1 - Physiographic 2 - Counties - Rivers
For several reasons, Georgia is ideally
located to have a large and diverse odonate fauna. In addition to being the
largest state east of the Mississippi (58,910 square miles), its location allows
for a unique mix of northern and southern species. Following the scheme of
Hodler and Schretter (1986), Georgia has five major physiographic regions or
provinces based on a combination of topography, elevation, underlying soils,
and predominant vegetation (Fig. 1). The Blue Ridge Mountains reach into the
northeast corner of the state, and the Cumberland, or Appalachian, Plateau just
brushes the northwest corner. In between the two is the Ridge and Valley
Province. The southern border of all three is the Piedmont region, which covers
the area south to the Fall Line. The line forms the boundary between the
Piedmont and the Coastal Plain. The Coastal Plain covers the remainder of the
state, which is almost 40% of the total area of Georgia.
The Blue Ridge Province, which contains
all of Georgia’s highest mountains and supports the most northern Odonate
fauna, is a group of mountains, ridges, and basins. This is the highest part of
the state, ranging from 480m-1410m (1600’ to 4700’), and is the coldest section
in Georgia. This region also receives the highest rainfall in Georgia. The
habitat consists of high elevation ponds and lakes and associated marshland,
and fast cold streams with medium to high gradients. Not surprisingly, this
region is the extreme southern terminus for many odonate species’ ranges in
eastern North America. One northern species of Zygoptera, Enallagma
hageni, occurs in Georgia only in the Blue Ridge. Lestes eurinus
is almost restricted to this region, although there are several North Carolina
records from the Cumberland Plateau. Archilestes
grandis has been found in Georgia only three times outside this region.
Within the Anisoptera, the
following species are found in Georgia only in the Blue Ridge: Calopteryx amata, Gomphus
(Hylogomphus) adelphus, Gomphus (Gomphus) quadricolor, Lanthus vernalis, Ophiogomphus
edmundo, O. mainensis,
Stylurus scudderi, S. spiniceps, and Somatochlora elongata.
Several of these species are known from only one or two specimens, as would be
expected at the limit of their range. Three other species extend barely west
into the northern Ridge and Valley or Cumberland Plateau, but also reach the
southwestern limit of their range: Boyeria
grafiana and Sympetrum
semicinctum and rubicundulum.
The Cumberland Plateau, in the extreme
northwest corner of the state, is a fairly high and flat plateau dominated in
Georgia by the Lookout and Sand Mountain areas, where elevations range from
240m-550m (800’ to 1800’). This is the remnant of a sandstone plateau, with a
limestone valley between the two. This area isn’t as unique in the south as the
Blue Ridge, but several species of odonates barely reach the state in this
region (or barely into the western edge of the Ridge and Valley). They are Arigomphus villosipes, Dromogomphus spoliatus, Gomphus (Gomphurus) lineatifrons,
and Stylurus notatus (one
historical record).
The Ridge and Valley Province is
situated between these two highland areas. From the edge of the Cumberland
Plateau it extends to the east and south from the Tennessee border south to
about Cartersville, east to about highway US 411, and west to the Alabama
border below the Cumberland Plateau. As the name implies, this is an area of
alternating narrow parallel ridges and wide valleys, and is the least
“mountain-like” area in the extreme northern part of Georgia. It is also the
lowest at 240m-480m (700’ to 1600’), although most of it is on the lower
elevation end of that range. In some ways the Ridge and Valley is similar to
the first two provinces but in many other ways it more closely resembles the
Piedmont to the south. No species are found only in the Ridge and Valley of
Georgia, but there are several species that occur only across these three
northern regions, which comprise about 15% of the land area of the state.
Damselfly species that occur only in these three regions, most of which are at
their most southern distribution, are Calopteryx angustipennis, Chromagrion conditum (also a few
records in northern Piedmont), and Enallagma
aspersum. Anisopterans found only in this northern section are Gomphus (Gomphurus) consanguis, Cordulegaster erronea, and Helocordulia uhleri. Although their
ranges are poorly known, three species of River Cruisers may belong to this
group in Georgia: Macromia
alleghaniensis, M. illinoiensis
illinoiensis, and M. margarita.
The Piedmont Region is the next region
to the south, and stretches from the Alabama border in the west to the South
Carolina border in the east and south to the Fall Line. The term Piedmont comes
from an Italian word meaning “Foot of the Mountain,” which describes the
northern edge of the Piedmont. The Fall Line is named after the line where
rivers passing from the higher elevation of the Piedmont to the lower, flatter
Coastal Plain have waterfalls and rapids. This line marks the southern boundary
of the Piedmont, and numerous major cities are built along it, including
Columbus, Macon, Milledgeville, and Augusta. The Piedmont has some northern
features but some southern features also; it is characterized by rolling
topography and larger rivers than those in areas to the north, plus a few
isolated monadnocks (isolated mountain remnants). Elevations are mostly lower,
ranging from 150m (500’) at the Fall Line to 967m (3173’) at Mount Yonah, the
tallest monadnock. The average elevation on the northern edge of the Piedmont
is 360m (1200’). Temperatures are intermediate for Georgia. A number of species
reach their southernmost distribution in the Piedmont, the most notable of
which are Aeshna umbrosa, Gomphus (Gomphurus) rogersi, Gomphus (Hylogomphus) parvidens, Ophiogomphus incurvatus, Stylogomphus albistylus, Stylurus laurae, and Somatochlora tenebrosa. The latter
two species have been found south of the Piedmont in nearby states, and we
expect to find a few in south Georgia as well. Many species also reach their
most northern or western limit in the Piedmont, which in many cases is the
farthest inland they reach anywhere in their range. These include Gomphaeschna antilope, Aphylla williamsoni and Orthemis ferruginea (the latter two
species extending their ranges into the southern Piedmont in recent years).
Along much of the Fall Line is a series
of deep sand ridges forming the Fall Line Sandhills. This area is the border
between the lower elevation, marine sediments making up the Coastal Plain and
the rockier, older Piedmont; it was the ocean shoreline during the Mesozoic
Era. One species found only in the Sandhills so far is Enallagma davisi; we do not expect it to be found anywhere else
in the state. A couple of other species may be mostly restricted to this region
also: Gomphus (Gomphus) diminutus
(only one record near Augusta, at the westernmost limit of its range) and Nannothemis bella. Also in this
restricted habitat (only in Taylor County so far) is a puzzling group of Gomphus (Hylogomphus) geminatus
records, well away from its known range on the Gulf Coast. Further study is
planned to search for records of this species in between these two areas.
South of the Fall Line lies the Coastal
Plain Region, bordered by Alabama on the west, Florida to the south, and the
Atlantic Ocean or the Savannah River next to South Carolina on the eastern border.
The Coastal Plain is fairly flat and warm, ranging from sea level to 150m
(500’), and has larger rivers with attendant wide areas of floodplain. Several
clubtails are found most commonly along these rivers, such as Gomphus (Gomphurus) dilatatus and hybridus. There are actually two
slightly different coastal plains in Georgia: the Atlantic Coastal Plain
includes all river basins emptying into the Atlantic, and the Gulf Coastal
Plain includes all river basins emptying into the Gulf of Mexico (mostly southwestern
Georgia). The Okefenokee divides the two, with rivers flowing from it in both
directions. Most of the species of interest in this region are those that reach
their northernmost points here, and many of these have a mostly Florida range.
Some barely reach Georgia at all, such as Enallagma coecum, E. pollutum, and Gynacantha nervosa.
Other notable odonate examples include Enallagma
pallidum, Triacanthagyna trifida,
Arigomphus pallidus, Gomphus australis, Epitheca semiaquea, E. sepia,
E. stella, Celithemis amanda and Miathyria marcella. Two species are
found either immediately along the coast (Erythrodiplax berenice) or along the coast and slightly inland
(Libellula needhami).
Acknowledgements
George and the late Juanda Bick inventoried the FSCA
collection and provided personal data, moral support, and the foundation and
motivation to undergo this study. Nancy Adams assisted in inventorying the NMNH
collection. Cecil Smith provided access to the University of Georgia collection
in Athens Ga. The late Dr. Minter J. Westfall Jr. provided additional moral
support as well as specimens from several counties. Additional specimen, dates
and photographic records were provided by many others during the study
including but not limited to: Peter Allen, Robert Behrstock, Thomas Donnelly,
Sid Dunkle, Jerrell Daigle, Sandy Garrett, Alan Harvey, Steve and Mary Jane
Krotzer, Steve Parrish, Dennis Paulson, David Small, Dirk Stevenson, Ken
Tennessen, Linden Trial, Michael Veit, Minter J. Westfall Jr., and especially Marion
Dobbs; plus excellent photographic data from James Flynn, Francis Michael
Stiteler, Rusty Trump and others who attended the DSA gatherings. Thanks to Ken
Tennessen for reviewing the final draft and making some valuable suggestions.
Special recognition to Esther Mauffray, the senior author’s wife who was very
patient during the final writing of this study, and to Becky Beaton, wife of
the junior author and highly tolerant and supportive during many years of
studying Georgia Odonates.
The families are listed after Garrison
(1997-2004) and all matters of nomenclature are based on his 2004 revision. We
differ only by not differentiating the two subspecies of Epitheca
(Epicordulia) princeps. The species are listed in alphabetical
order followed by the common name adopted by the Dragonfly Society of the
Americas (DSA). The first record is
marked with an “*.” Previous “state only” records are listed first in
chronological order. These include literature references that list only Georgia
with no county or locality records. If
Georgia is included in a range description (i.e. Florida to Maryland) the
reference is not cited. If Georgia is named in the range description (ie,
Georgia to Maryland) then the record is included. If a range map covered a
portion of Georgia, the reference is not included; however if the map is a dot
map, such as Louton (1982) or Donnelly (2004a, 2004b & 2004c), and shows
explicit Georgia records, then it is considered a valid reference for the
state. To save space the following citations are abbreviated: Georgia Water
Quality Control Board (1971) is GWQ (1971), Needham and Westfall (1955) is
N&W (1955); Needham, Westfall & May (2000) is NW&M (2000) and
Westfall and May (1996) is W&M (1996).
County records follow and are listed alphabetically,
each with codes (see legend below) and/or literature references. A county map
is provided (Fig. 2). Records from multiple sources are listed. In some cases a
multiple-record reference may refer to the same specimen which was cited in the
literature and then again in a particular collection. The authors collected
many of the specimens upon which the FSCA, IORI, and NMNH records are
based. Multiple references better
support the validity of records, especially if one or more of the records was a
sight record. A brief note about the species habitat with regards to Georgia is
included followed by the earliest and latest recorded or known dates for adults
enclosed in brackets.
Legend: codes within parentheses ( ).
"*" = first
published record; pers. comm.= personal
communication
AH1= Alan Harvey, pers.
comm. (GDS 2001 notes)
AH2= Alan Harvey, pers.
comm. (GDS 2002 notes)
AH3= Alan Harvey, pers.
comm. (GDS 2003 notes)
BB= Bob Barber, pers. comm.
DB42= Borror, 1942
Br14= Bradley, 1914
Bu39= Burmeister, 1839
By27c= Byers, 1927c
By31= Byers, 1931
By39= Byers, 1939
Ca04= Calvert, 1904
Ca12= Calvert, 1912
Ca13= Calvert, 1913
Ca79= Carle, 1979
Ca80= Carle, 1980
Ca82= Carle, 1982
Ca83= Carle, 1983
Ca98= Calvert, 1898
Ca99= Caldwell, 1999
CC89c= Cook, 1989c
CJ72= Johnson, 1972
CJ73a= Johnson, 1973a
CJ73b= Johnson, 1973b
CJ74= Johnson, 1974
Cr55b= Cross, 1955b
Da11= Davis, 1911
DC89b= Cuyler, 1989b
DP= Dennis Paulson, pers.
comm.
DG= David Gottleib, pers.
Comm.
DG40= Gloyd, 1940
DG68= Gloyd, 1968
DS= Dirk Stevenson, pers.
comm.
DS2= Dirk Stevenson, 2002 records
DT94= Donnelly & Tennessen ,1994
ET= Eran Tomer, photo 2004
FS2= Francis Michael Stiteler, photos with data 2002
FSCA= FSCA/IORI collections, Gainesville, FL
GB= Giff Beaton, photos and data 2000 and earlier
GB1= Giff Beaton, photos and data from 2001
GB2= Giff Beaton, photos and data from 2002
GB3= Giff Beaton, photos and data from 2003
GB4= Giff Beaton, photos and data from 2004
GB5= Giff Beaton, photos and data from 2005
GBi= Bick, pers. comm.
GBi03= Bick, 2003
GBi78= Bick, 1978
GBi83b= Bick, 1983b
GBi90= Bick, 1990
GBi97= Bick, 1997
GDS3 =Gerogia Dragonfly survey SE DSA Meeting, 22-24 May, 2003.
GWQ71= Georgia Water Quality Board 1971
Ha61= Hagen, 1861
Ha63= Hagen, 1863
Ha74= Hagen, 1874
Ha75= Hagen, 1875
JB3= Jeff Biller, pers.
comm. 2003
JD= Jerrell Daigle, pers.
comm.
JD92b= Daigle, 1992b
JF= James Flynn, photos with data 2002 and earlier
JF3= James Flynn, photos and data from 2003
Ko60= Kormondy, 1960
KP87= Kondratieff & Pyott, 1987
KT= Ken Tennessen, pers.
comm.
KT77= Tennessen, 1977
KT98= Tennessen, 1998
Lo82= Louton, 1982
LT= Linden Trial, pers.
comm. 2004
MD3= Marion Dobbs, photos and data from 2003
MD4= Marion Dobbs, photos and data from 2004
Mu15= Muttkowski, 1915
MV3= Michael Veit, pers.
comm. 2003
MW41= Westfall, 1941
MW43= Westfall, 1943
MW9= Westfall, Coll in 1997-1998, specimens in FSCA
OO= Odes of Okefenokee (web site); Dave Small, 2003
PA= Peter Allen, pers.
comm., 1993-95 records
Pr35= Prichard, 1935
RB3= Robert Behrstock, pers.
comm. 2003
RB= Robert Behrstock, pers.
comm. 1998
RG94a= Garrison, 1994a
RG94b= aGarrison, 1994b
Ro24= Root, 1924
RT= Rusty Trump, photos from 2002
RW67= Roback & Westfall, 1967
SD= Sid Dunkle, pers. comm.
SD00= Dunkle, 2000
SD75= Dunkle, 1975
SD83= Dunkle, 1983
Se53= Selys, 1853
Se62= Selys, 1862
Se76= Selys, 1876
SG3= Sandy Garrett, pers.
comm. 2003
Sh30= Shortess, 1930
SK= Steve & Mary Jane Krotzer, pers. comm..
SK3= Steve Krotzer, pers.
comm. 2003
SK4 =Steve Krotzer, pers.
comm. 2004
SP= Steve Parrish, pers.
comm. 2004
SR= Steven Roble, pers.
comm.
Ta67= Tai, 1967
TD= Thomas Donnelly, pers.
comm.
TD73= Donnelly, 1973
UG= University of Georgia Collection, Athens, GA.
UN= US Museum of Natural History, Washington , DC.
Wa25= Walker, 1925
Wa52= Walker, 1952
Wi14= Williamson, 1914
Wi23a= Williamson,1923a
Wi23b= Williamson, 1923b
Wi32= Williamson, 1932
Wi34= Williamson, 1934
WM03= Mauffray, 2003
WM04= Mauffray, 2004
WM95= Westfall & Mauffray, 1995
WM95a= Mauffray, 1995a
WM98= Mauffray, 1998
WMC= Mauffray collection (many now in FSCA, IORI, LSU, and NMNH)
ZYGOPTERA
Calopteryx amata (Hagen,
1889). Superb Jewelwing. State: Donnelly (2004c)*.
Union (SD).
The Union County record is:
Toccoa River at Forest Road 69, female, 22 Aug 1985, Sid Dunkle. [Only date
recorded: Aug 22].
Calopteryx angustipennis (Selys, 1853). Appalachian Jewelwing. State: Selys (1853*, 1854a, 1859, 1879a) also as elegans,
Hagen (1861, 1863, also as C. splendens, 1874, 1875, 1889), Kirby (1890)
as Agrion elegans, Banks (1892), Montgomery (1947), Johnson (1974), Muttkowski
(1910), N&H (1929), W&M (1996), Tennessen
(1998), Donnelly (2004c).
Dade
(GDS3), Gilmer? (Se53* type), Murray (UG, UN, KT, SK, KT98, WMC, GB4), Walker
(GDS3).
All records prior to 1996 refer to the single Selys
(1853) type specimen record. Johnson
(1974) discussed
the locality data from Selys’ specimen (collected by John Abbot in the 1700s).
Johnson concluded the specimen was from either Burke or Screven County, since
there is a “Brier” Creek running through those counties. The Delorme Georgia
Atlas & Gazetteer (1998) lists a “Brier Creek” which begins near Thompson,
Georgia and runs southeasterly through Burke and Screven Counties into the
Savannah River about 30 miles upstream from Savannah, Georgia. Williamson
(1932) describes Brier Creek in detail (see Stylurus laurae); this area
contains unlikely habitat for this species.
Johnson (1974) says its range “correlates largely with mountain or
up-land type streams.” Hagen (1861) listed it from “Brier Creek” but Hagen
(1863, 1874, 1875, 1889) listed it from “Briar Creek.” To further confuse the
issue, Selys (1879a) lists it from “Brien” Creek. Delorme (1998) also lists
“Briar Creek” in Gilmer County south of Cherry Log off of US 76. It is more
likely that the specimen came from this area. It is uncommon in cold streams in far north Georgia [Apr 18 - Jun 26].
Calopteryx dimidiata Burmeister, 1839. Sparking Jewelwing. State: Selys (1854a*), Hagen (1861, 1863, 1874, 1875,
1889), Banks (1892), Calvert (1906), W&M (1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Bartow
(CJ73b, UG), Berrien (GB3), Bibb (CJ73b), Brantley (CJ73b), Burke (By31, CJ73b,
UN, Wi34 as apicale), Charlton (Br14 as apicale), Chatham (GB),
Clarke (UG), Clinch (WMC), Coffee (CJ73b), Colquitt (CJ73b), Crawford (UG, UN),
Decatur (CJ73b), Dooly (By31), Echols (WMC), Effingham (UG), Elbert (GB), Evans (DP), Floyd (MD4), Gordon
(UN), Gwinnett (By31, CJ73b), Haralson (MD4), Harris (UG), Houston (UG), Jefferson
(CJ73b, Wi34 as apicale), Lee (CJ73b), Lowndes (CJ73b), Morgan (UG, UN),
Peach (UG), Pickens (UG), Pierce (CJ73b), Rabun (MD4), Randolph (GB2), Schley
(GB3, UG), Sumter (UG), Taliaferro (GB), Tattnall (DS), Taylor (JD, RB3, UG),
Telfair (DP), Tift (GB3), Walton (UG), Ware (CJ73b), Wayne (By31, CJ73b),
Whitfield (UG), Wilkinson (DP).
Fairly common in sandy
streams; uncommon in small rivers statewide. It is more common below the fall
line but rare in the northern parts of the state. [April 3 - Sep 22].
Calopteryx maculata (Beauvois, 1805). Ebony Jewelwing.
State: Selys (1854a*), Hagen (1863, 1874, 1875, 1889), W&M (1996), Donnelly
(2004c).
Atkinson
(DP), Bartow (GB, UG, WMC), Burke (Wi34), Butts (MD4), Calhoun (MV3), Catoosa
(GB2), Charlton (Br14, OO), Chattooga (GB, UG), Cherokee (GB2), Clarke (CJ74,
UG), Cobb (GB), Coffee (DP), Columbia (UN), Dade (GB2), Decatur (UG), Dooly
(By31, CJ74), Echols (WMC), Elbert (GB), Fannin (GB), Floyd (UG), Forsyth (UN),
Franklin (WMC), Fulton (HS4), Gilmer (MD4), Gordon (UG, UN), Habersham (GBi),
Haralson (GB2), Harris (GB1, UG), Heard (GB2), Houston (UG), Jackson (UG),
Jasper (GB2), Jefferson (By31, CJ74, Wi34), Jones (WMC), Lamar (UG), Lee (CJ74,
Ro24), Lowndes (UG), McDuffie (Wi34), Meriwether (MD4), Mitchell (JF4), Murray
(GB, KT, UN, WMC), Newton (LT), Oconee (MD3), Oglethorpe (UG), Paulding (GB),
Pickens (GB), Pike (MD4), Polk (UG, UN), Rabun (CJ74), Richmond (UN), Rockdale
(GB), Sumter (UG, UN), Talbot (GB2), Taliaferro (GB), Taylor (JD, RB3), Tift
(UG), Towns (UG), Union (UG), Upson (GB1, GB2), Walker (GDS3), Wayne (By31,
CJ74), Webster (UG), White (KT, Wi34), Whitfield (Ha61, UN), Wilkes (Wi34),
Wilkinson (DP).
Common statewide, mostly in
small streams but can be found in almost any habitat. [Apr 8 - Oct 22].
Hetaerina americana (Fabricius, 1798). American Rubyspot. State: W&M (1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Bartow
(CJ73a*, UG), Carroll (GB), Catoosa (GB), Clarke (UG), Cobb (GB2), Coweta (GB),
Dade (GB2), Floyd (GB2), Fulton (HS4), Gordon (MD4), Laurens (GB), Madison
(CJ73a*), Monroe (CJ73a*), Oconee (UG), Paulding (MD4), Pike (CJ73a, UG), Polk
(GB2), Rockdale (CJ73a*, UG), Talbot (GB2), Towns (GB4), Upson (GB1, GB2),
Walton (CJ73a*, UG).
Uncommon in streams above the
fall line. [May 19 - Oct 2].
Hetaerina titia (Drury, 1773). Smoky Rubyspot. State: Selys (1853*, 1854a), Hagen (1861,
1863, 1874, 1875) and Banks (1892) as H. septentrionalis and H. tricolor, Kirby (1890) as H.
septentrionalis, Calvert (1893, 1906) as H. tricolor, Muttkowski
(1910) also as H. limbata and H. septentrionalis, W&M (1996),
Donnelly (2004c).
Bibb (CJ73a), Brantley (CJ73a), Burke (CJ73a, UN, Wi34), Charlton
(Br14, also as tricolor), Clinch (UG), Coweta (GB2), Decatur (CJ73a,
UG), Early (GB4), Emanuel (MD4), Floyd (By31, CJ73a), Gilmer (GB3), Gordon
(MD4), Haralson (GB2), Heard (GB2), Houston (GB3), Jeff Davis (MD4), Laurens
(GB3), Lee (GB2), Long (GB4), McDuffie (CJ73a, Wi34), Montgomery (MD4),
Paulding (MD4), Pierce (CJ73a), Schley (GB4), Tattnall (GB1), Telfair
(MD3),Twiggs (GB3), Union (CJ73a, Wi34).
Uncommon
throughout the state, in moving water, medium-sized streams to large rivers. [May 14 - Nov 4].
Archilestes
grandis (Rambur, 1842) Great Spreadwing. State: Donnelly (2004c).
Clarke (UG), DeKalb (ET),
Fulton (DG, HS4), Hall (Ca99*), Rabun (GB3), White (Dana Denson per. comm.).
Rare,
recorded only in the northeast part of the state, near streams. [Aug 10 - Nov 3].
Lestes australis Walker,1952. Southern
Spreadwing. Previously known
as L. disjunctus australis (Donnelly, 2003). State: W&M (1996),
Donnelly (2004c).
Baldwin (UG), Bibb (UG), Bulloch (DP), Camden (UN), Clarke (UG),
Clinch (GB3), Cook (WA52*), Dade (GDS3), Dooly (GB2), Dougherty (UG), Echols
(GB3), Evans (WMC, KT), Floyd (MD4), Glynn (WMC), Houston (WA52*), Lamar (UG),
Laurens (GB2, GB3), Long (GB3, WMC), Murray (WMC), Paulding (GB, GB1), Tattnall
(WMC), Telfair (WMC), Tift (UG, WA52*), Toombs (KT), Walker (GDS3), Wheeler
(DP).
Common at ponds,
lakes and marshes throughout the state. [Apr 1 - Nov 13].
Lestes eurinus
Say, 1839. Amber-winged Spreadwing. State: Donnelly (2004c).
Dade (WM04*).
So far known from only the one pond record in extreme northwest
Georgia: Trenton, Cloudland Canyon State Park, pond, 34°49.58’N 85°28.61’WMC, 23 May 2003, 1 male. Coll. G.
Beaton [Only date recorded: May 23].
Lestes inaequalis Walsh, 1862. Elegant Spreadwing. State: W&M (1996*), Donnelly (2004c).
Clarke
(UG), Early (MV3), Habersham (J), Morgan (MV3, DP), Murray (GB3), Richmond
(UN), Wayne (DP), Wilcox (GB2).
Uncommon to rare, scattered
throughout the state in marshes [Apr 11 -
Sep 2].
Lestes rectangularis Say,1839. Slender Spreadwing. State: Banks (1892), Calvert (1893), Montgomery
(1948), W&M
(1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Catoosa
(H), Chatham (Ha61*, Ha63, Se62), Dade (GDS3), Floyd (MD4), Gilmer (GB3), Lee
(Ro24), McDuffie (Wi34), Paulding (GB, GB1), Tattnall (UN) Toombs (UN), Towns
(KT), Wayne (DP), White (SD83), Whitfield (Ha74).
Uncommon to rare, scattered
throughout the state in ponds, marshes, and slow streams. [May 6 - Sep 28].
Lestes vidua Hagen, 1861. Carolina
Spreadwing. State: W&M (1996*),
Donnelly (2004c).
Bibb (UG), Early (GB3), Gwinnett (GB2), Laurens (GB2), Wheeler
(FSCA).
Rare throughout
state at ponds except absent from north Georgia, perhaps overlooked. [Mar 14 - Oct 4].
Lestes vigilax
Hagen in Selys, 1862. Swamp Spreadwing. State: W&M (1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Atkinson (MD4, DP), Bartow (MD4), Bulloch (DP),
Burke (UN, Wi34), Carroll (GB3), Catoosa (GB2), Charlton (UG, PA), Chattooga
(MD4), Colquitt (MD4), Dade (GDS3, GB2), DeKalb (UG), Emanuel (GB4), Floyd
(MD4), Gordon (MD4), Gwinnett (PA), Habersham (GBi), Jones (WMC), Laurens (GB1,
GB4, PA, WMC), Lee (Ro24*), Long (DP), Lumpkin (WMC), McDuffie (UN, Wi34),
Morgan (MD4), Murray (WMC), Oglethorpe (UG), Rabun (GB3), Sumter (GB2, RB),
Taliaferro (GB2), Taylor (GB3), Thomas (UN), Towns (KT), Treutlen (MD4), Walker
(GDS3), Ware (RB, UG), Wayne (DP).
Fairly common throughout the
state at marshes, ponds, and lakes. [Apr 4 - Nov 15]
Coenagrionidae
Amphiagrion saucium
(Burmeister, 1839). Eastern Red Damsel. State: W&M (1996*), Donnelly (2004c).
Bartow (GB1), Burke (GB3), Lumpkin (UG),
Meriwether (UG), Murray (SK), Richmond
(FSCA), Talbot (JD).
Uncommon in very small streams
and seeps above the fall line. [Apr 13 - May 13]
Argia apicalis
(Say, 1839). Blue-fronted Dancer. State: W&M (1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Appling (CJ72), Baldwin (UN), Bartow (GB1, UN), Ben
Hill (GB1), Bibb (UG), Brantley (CJ72), Brooks (GB1), Burke (By31), Carroll
(GB, UN, WMC), Catoosa (GB), Charlton (UG), Clarke (UG), Cook (GB1), Coweta
(GB), Crisp (GB2), Dade (GDS3), Decatur (UG, UN), Dooly (By31), Dougherty
(RW67), Douglas (GB), Early (GB3, SK4), Emanuel (GB1), Fannin (UN), Fayette
(KT), Floyd (GB, GB1, By31), Fulton (UG), Gilmer (GB3), Gordon (GB2), Grady
(GB1), Greene (MD4), Habersham (GBi, GB1, UN), Harris (GB), Heard (GB2), Jeff
Davis (MD4), Jefferson (UN), Jones (GBi), Lamar (GB), Laurens (By31, GB1, UN),
Lee (CJ72, Ro24), Lowndes (CJ72), McDuffie (Wi34), Meriwether (GB1), Miller
(GB), Mitchell (CJ72, UN), Monroe (MD3), Montgomery (GB1, GB2), Morgan (MV3),
Paulding (GB2), Pickens (MD4), Pierce (WMC), Polk (GB, GB2), Putnam (CJ72, UG,
WMC), Rabun (GBi), Richmond (UN), Screven (CJ72), Stephens (GBi, GB2, UN),
Sumter (RB), Tattnall (UN), Telfair (DP), Toombs (UN), Treutlen (GB1), Twiggs
(GB3), Washington (MD4), Wheeler (GB1), White (GB1), Whitfield (UG).
Common across the state at
rivers and large streams, rarely at lakes. [Apr 21 - Oct 2]
Argia bipunctulata
(Hagen, 1861). Seepage Dancer. State: Hagen (1861 type*, 1863, 1874), Selys (1865), Banks (1892),
Calvert (1893), W&M (1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Burke (GB3, Wi34), Cobb (GB), Crawford (UG),
Habersham (GBi, UN), Jefferson (By31), Lee (Ro24), Paulding (GB2), Richmond
(UG), Taylor (GB3).
Uncommon, local; scattered
across the state at seeps, marshy edges and wet grassy areas [May 16 - Sept 26]
Argia fumipennis atra Gloyd, 1968. Black Dancer. State: Donnelly (2004c).
Charlton (DG68*).
Rare in extreme southeast
Georgia at lakes, ponds and rivers. [No date information].
Argia f. fumipennis (Burmeister, 1839).
Smoky-winged Dancer.
State: Hagen (1863*, 1874), Selys (1865), Banks (1892), Calvert (1902), Muttkowski (1910), N&H (1929), Gloyd (1968),
Donnelly (2004c).
Appling (UG), Baker (UN), Bibb (UG), Bryan (UN),
Burke (GB2, UN, Wi34), Carroll (GB, WMC), Charlton (UG), Chattahoochee (DP),
Chattooga (GDS3), Cherokee (GB2), Clarke (UG), Cobb (GB), Coffee (DP), Coweta
(GB2, UG), Crawford (GB, UG, UN), Dade (GDS3), DeKalb (UG, UN), Dooly (By31),
Early (GB2, UG), Elbert (GB), Fayette (KT), Franklin (WMC), Fulton (HS4),
Gordon (GB2), Grady (UN), Gwinnett (By31, GB), Habersham (GBi, UN), Haralson
(WMC), Harris (GB1), Houston (UG, UN), Jasper (GB2), Jefferson (UG, Wi34),
Jenkins (UG), Jones (WMC), Laurens (GB1), Lee (Ro24), Lowndes (UG), Marion
(JF3), McDuffie (UN, Wi34), Meriwether (GB1, GB2), Monroe (GBi), Morgan (UG),
Oglethorpe (UG), Paulding (GB2), Peach (UG), Pickens (GB), Polk (GB2), Pulaski
(UN), Rabun (GB3), Richmond (GBi, UG, UN ), Rockdale (GB), Schley (GB3),
Stephens (GB2), Sumter (MD4, RB), Taliaferro (GB2), Tattnall (UG, WMC), Taylor
(GB3, RB3, SG3, UG, UN), Telfair (DP, UG), Thomas (UG), Tift (GBi), Troup (GB),
Walker (GDS3), Washington (UG), Wayne (DP), Wilkinson (DP).
Common below the middle
Piedmont at lakes, ponds and rivers. Gloyd
(1968) found 1 from Charlton intermediate with A. f. atra. [Apr 11 - Oct 27]
Argia f. violacea
(Hagen, 1861)* Violet Dancer. State: Donnelly (2004c).
Bartow (UG, UN ), Catoosa (MD4), Chattooga (GDS3),
Clarke (UG), Dawson (GB4, MMW9), Fannin (UN), Floyd (MD4), Gilmer (GB3), Gordon
(UN), Habersham (GB1), Hall (FSCA, MMW9), Murray (JD, UN), Paulding (GB1), Polk
(GB2), Union (GB1, GB3), Walker (GDS3), White (GB1), Whitfield (GB2, UG).
All published records list this as a species; we
follow Gloyd’s (1968) assignment as a subspecies. It is common from the middle
Piedmont north, at lakes, ponds and rivers. Intermediates with A. f.
fumipennis are uncommon throughout north Georgia. [May 17 - Oct
8]
Argia moesta
(Hagen, 1861). Powdered Dancer. State: W&M (1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Appling (GB2), Bartow (GB1, MD4), Brantley (DP),
Brooks (GB1), Burke (GB2, Wi34), Butts (WMC), Carroll (GB), Catoosa (GB),
Chattahoochee (UG), Cherokee (UG), Clinch (WMC), Cobb (GB2), Dade (GB2),
Decatur (UG, UN), DeKalb (UN), Dooly (By31), Dougherty (RW67), Early (SK4,
MD4), Echols (GB4, MD4), Effingham (GB2), Floyd (GB1), Gilmer (GB), Gordon
(GB2, UG), Grady (GB1, UG), Gwinnett (By31), Habersham (UN), Haralson (GB2,
MD4), Harris (UG), Heard (GB2), Houston (UN), Jeff Davis (MD4), Jefferson
(GB2), Lee (GB2, Ro24*), Long (GB4), Lowndes (MD4), Macon (GB2), McDuffie
(Wi34), Mitchell (GB2), Monroe (MD3), Montgomery (GB1, GB2), Murray (UN),
Paulding (GB1), Peach (UG), Pierce (JF4),
Polk (GB2),
Quitman (GB2), Randolph (GB2), Richmond (UN), Screven (DP), Sumter (GB2),
Talbot / Upson (GB2), Tattnall (DS, GB4), Telfair (DP), Terrell (UG), Twiggs
(GB3), Upson (GB1), Walker (GDS3), Walton (UG), Ware (RB), Wayne (DP), Wheeler
(GB1), Whitfield (MD3), Wilcox (GB2).
Common throughout the state at
rivers and large streams, uncommon at smaller streams. [May 11 - Nov 3]
Argia sedula
(Hagen, 1861). Blue-ringed Dancer. State: W&M (1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Bartow (GB2),
Berrien (GB3), Butts (WMC), Catoosa (GB), Cherokee (GB2), Clarke (UG),
Coffee (GB3), Coweta (UG), Dade (GB2), Decatur (UG, UN), DeKalb (UN), Early
(GB2, GB3), Fayette (KT), Floyd (GB2), Gordon (GB2), Habersham (UN), Haralson
(GB2), Heard (GB2), Jackson (UN), Jeff Davis (MD4), Jones (GBi), Lee (GB2,
Ro24*), Long (GB4), McDuffie (Wi34), Monroe (GB3, MD3), Montgomery (GB1),
Morgan (DP), Paulding (GB2), Polk (GB2), Screven (DP), Sumter (RB), Talbot /
Upson (GB2), Tattnall (GB4), Telfair (GB3, MD3), Tift (GB3), Walker (GDS3),
Wheeler (GB1), Whitfield (MD3).
Common at rivers and streams
throughout the state except uncommon in the eastern coastal plain, and rare at
ponds. [Apr 18
- Oct 11]
Argia tibialis
(Rambur, 1842). Blue-tipped Dancer. State: Hagen (1863*) as A. fontium, (1874), Selys (1865),
(Banks (1892), W&M (1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Atkinson (WMC), Baker (MV3), Bartow (GB1, UN),
Berrien (GB3), Bibb (UG), Brantley (BB, DP), Brooks (GB1), Burke (By31, Wi34),
Butts (WMC), Calhoun (UG), Catoosa (GB2), Charlton (DP), Chatham (GB), Cherokee
(GB2), Clarke (UG), Clay (GB2), Clayton (UG), Clinch (TD, WMC), Cobb (GB, GB1),
Coffee (DP), Columbia (UN), Cook (GB1), Coweta (GB2), Crawford (UG), Dade
(GDS3, GB2), Decatur (UG, UN ), DeKalb (UG), Dooly (By31), Dougherty (GB2),
Early (GB3, SK4), Echols (WMC), Effingham (GB2), Emanuel (GB1, GB4), Floyd
(By31), Franklin (UG, WMC), Fulton (UG), Gilmer (GB2), Grady (UN), Haralson
(GB2), Harris (UG), Houston (UG, UN), Jackson (UN), Jefferson (By31, GB2, UG,
Wi34), Jones (WMC), Lanier (UG, UN), Laurens (By31, UN, WMC), Lee (Ro24),
Lowndes (UG, WMC), Macon (GB2), McDuffie (Wi34), Mitchell (GB2), Morgan (MV3),
Newton (UG), Paulding (GB2), Pulaski (UN, WMC), Quitman (GB2), Schley (RB3, UG,
UN), Screven (DP), Sumter (RB, UG, UN), Taylor (GB3, RB3, UG, UN), Telfair
(WMC), Terrell (UG), Thomas (UG, UN), Tift (GB3), Treutlen (GB1), Walker
(GDS3), Wayne (DP), Whitfield (MD3, UG), Worth (UN).
Fairly common across the
state, mostly at rivers and streams. [Mar 26 - Oct 13]
Argia translata
Hagen in Selys, 1865. Dusky Dancer. State: W&M (1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Catoosa (GB), Cobb (GB2), Dade (GB2), Floyd (GB2),
Habersham (UN), Haralson (GB2), Heard (GB2), Madison (RG94a*), Meriwether
(MD4), Murray (GB2), Pickens (MD4, UG), Talbot / Upson (GB2), Whitfield (UG).
Fairly common on streams and
rivers above the fall line; rare south of there, and more common in the
northwestern part of the state. [Jun 13 - Sep 19]
Chromagrion conditum
(Selys, 1876). Aurora Damsel. State: W&M (1996*), Donnelly (2004c).
Bartow (GB1), Clarke (UG), Crawford (UG), DeKalb
(UG), Fannin (UG), Gilmer (WMC), Murray (KT, SK), Rabun (FSCA), Talbot (JD),
Walker (GDS3), Whitfield (UG).
Uncommon above the fall line
but fairly common in the upper Piedmont and mountains in the marshy edges of
ponds and small streams. [May 2 - Jun 18]
Enallagma aspersum
(Hagen, 1861). Azure Bluet. State: W&M (1996*), Donnelly (2004c).
Catoosa (UN), Dade (GDS3, GB2), Dawson (MMW9), Floyd
(MD3), Gilmer (GB2), Jasper (GB2), Rabun (GBi), Union (FSCA), Walker (GDS3),
Whitfield (GB2).
Uncommon in the mountains and
upper Piedmont, mostly at shallow ponds. [May 14 - Aug 29]
Enallagma basidens
Calvert, 1902.
Double-striped Bluet. State: W&M (1996*), Donnelly (2004c).
Bartow (UG), Ben Hill (WMC), Carroll (GB2), Chattooga (MD4), Clarke
(FSCA, UG), Dade (GDS3), Decatur (FSCA), Floyd (MD4), Franklin (WMC), Gwinnett
(PA), Hall (FSCA, MW9), Haralson (GB2), Irwin (GB3), Jones (WMC), Lanier (MD4),
Long (GB3), Monroe (GB3), Morgan (MV3), Murray (UG), Paulding (GB2), Polk
(GB2), Rabun (FSCA), Screven (FSCA), Taliaferro (FSCA), Walker (GB2, MD3),
Wilcox (GB2).
Common above the fall line,
uncommon below, and rare in the extreme southeast at slow streams, ponds, and
lakes. [Apr 19 - Oct 23]
Enallagma civile
(Hagen, 1861). Familiar Bluet. State: W&M (1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Baker (GB2), Berrien (MD4), Catoosa (UN), Cherokee
(GB3), Clarke (UG), Clay (GB3), Clinch (GB3), Coffee (RB), Crisp (GB2, GB4),
Dade (GDS3, GB2), Dawson (MW9), Floyd (MD3), Gilmer (GB3), Glynn (GB2, GB4),
Laurens (GB3), Lee (RB), McDuffie (Wi34*), Meriwether (GB2), Morgan (MV3),
Murray (KT), Paulding (GB2), Rabun
(GB4), Richmond (GB1), Union (FSCA), Walker (GDS3), White (GB3), Whitfield
(GB2).
Common
throughout the state at any water habitat, especially ponds. [Apr 3 -
Nov 29]
Enallagma coecum
(Hagen)*. Purple Bluet. State: Donnelly (2004c).
Atkinson (GB4, MD4), Clinch (TD*), Early
(GB4).
Rare in extreme
south Georgia where it reaches its northern range limit. Prefers tannic slow
streams. The Clinch County record is: Suwanee R. at Fargo, 30°41.0’N
82°33.6’WMC, 2 Apr 2002, 1 pr tandem. Coll. T. Donnelly. The Early County record is on a small
unnamed stream with numerous males found in both 2004 and early 2005. Dunkle
(1992) reports it across northern Florida, so it should be found in additional
counties in southern Georgia. [Apr 2 - Oct 23]
Enallagma concisum
Williamson, 1922. Cherry Bluet. State: W&M (1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Ben Hill (WMC), Bulloch (DP), Charlton (UG), Fayette
(UG), McDuffie (UN, Wi34*), Telfair (GB4, MD4), Treutlen (MD4), Ware (MV3, UG),
Wheeler (DP).
Uncommon to rare in
southeastern Georgia; rare just above the fall line, in shallow ponds. [Apr 4 - Sep 27]
Enallagma daeckii
(Calvert, 1903). Attenuated Bluet. State: W&M (1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Charlton (UG), Coffee (DP), Colquitt (UG), Crawford
(UN), Early (MV3), Lee (Ro24*), Lowndes (WMC), Morgan (DP), Murray (MD4),
Taylor (MD4), Telfair (GB4, DP), Towns (MD4), Wayne (DP), Wheeler (DP).
Uncommon below the fall line
at ponds and lakes; rare above the fall line. [Apr 11 - Sep 10]
Enallagma davisi Westfall,
1943. Sandhill Bluet.
State: W&M (1996*), Donnelly (2004c).
Taylor (FSCA, GB3), Telfair (GB 2005).
Should be rare at sandy lakes
and their outflows in the fall line sandhills or elsewhere in the coastal
plain. It is known from only two
counties so far. Dunkle (1992) reports it as “uncommon at sand bottomed lakes
across north Florida”. [Mar 14 - Apr 27]
Enallagma divagans
Selys, 1876. Turquoise Bluet. State: W&M (1996*), Donnelly (2004c).
Banks (GB1), Charlton (FSCA), Chatham (UG),
Chattooga (GB2), Clarke (UG), Clayton (UG), Crawford (UG), Dade (GDS3), Dawson
(MW9), Fayette (UG), Floyd (MD4), Franklin (WMC), Gilmer (WMC), Greene (UG),
Haralson (WMC), Jones (MV3, WMC), Monroe (MV3), Morgan (MV3, UN), Peach (UG),
Rabun (FSCA), Richmond (UN), Talbot (JD), Taylor (RB3, UG), Walker (GDS3),
Walton (UG).
Uncommon at streams above the
fall line, and very rare below. [Apr 18 - Jul 6].
Enallagma doubledayi
(Selys, 1850). Atlantic Bluet. State: W&M (1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Baker (FSCA), Berrien (FS2), Clarke (UG), Clinch
(GB3), Dooly (By31), Early (GB4), Effingham (UN), Gwinnett (PA), Laurens (GB2),
Lee (Ro24*), Long (GB3, WMC). McDuffie (Wi34), Montgomery (MD4), Morgan (DP),
Tattnall (GB4), Wheeler (DP).
Fairly common south of the
upper Piedmont at ponds, lakes and slow rivers. It has probably been
overlooked. [Apr 8 - Oct 29]
Enallagma dubium
Root, 1924. Burgundy Bluet. State: N&H (1929), Byers (1930), W&M (1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Bacon (MW41), Ben Hill (WMC), Charlton (UG), Crawford (UG), Dade (GDS3), Dooly (UG), Lee
(Ro24*), Lowndes (MD4), McDuffie (UN, Wi34), Richmond (UN), Tattnall (GB4),
Taylor (GB3), Treutlen (GB3), Walker (GDS3), Wayne (DP).
Uncommon at lakes and ponds
below the fall line, rare above. [Apr 4 - Sep 28]
Enallagma durum
(Hagen, 1861). Big Bluet. State: W&M(1996*), Donnelly (2004c).
Baker (FSCA).
Should be in more
counties in extreme southeast near coast, but known only from one county in the
southwest. Dunkle (1992) reports it from south of Tallahassee, Florida to north
of Jacksonville in brackish habitat. [No date information].
Enallagma exsulans
(Hagen, 1861). Stream Bluet. State: W&M (1996*), Donnelly (2004c).
Chattooga (GDS3), Dade (GDS3, GB2), Floyd (MD3),
Gordon (UN), Haralson (GB2), Harris (GB1), Polk (GB2), Talbot / Upson (GB2),
Walker (GDS3).
A Clinch County record previously reported (Donnelly
2004c) was actually a juvenile E. weewa
(Donnelly, pers. comm.). Fairly common in streams and rivers to just below
the fall line. [Apr 29 - Sep 11]
Enallagma geminatum
Kellicott, 1895. Skimming Bluet. State: W&M (1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Bartow (UG, UN), Ben Hill (GB2), Bulloch (DP), Burke
(GB3, Wi34), Carroll (GB2), Coffee (DP), Crawford (UN), Dade (GDS3), Dawson
(MW9), Early (GB3), Emanuel (GB4, KT), Floyd (MD4), Franklin (WMC), Gordon
(MD4), Haralson (GB2), Houston (UG, UN), Jones (WMC), Laurens (WMC), Lee
(Ro24*), McDuffie (Wi34), Paulding (GB3), Polk (GB1), Richmond (UN), Tattnall
(WM95a, JD), Taylor (GB3), Walker (GB2), Wheeler (DP), White (GB4).
Fairly common throughout the
state at lakes and ponds; rare below the fall line in slow streams. [Mar 17 - Oct 3].
Enallagma hageni
(Walsh, 1863). Hagen's Bluet. State: W&M (1996*), Donnelly (2004c).
Rabun (FSCA).
Known only from the extreme
northeast part of Georgia: Rabun County, pond 1.1 mi. E of Satolah. In the FSCA there are 23 males and 1 female
from the same locality collected in 1972. This common northern species probably
reaches its southern limit in north Georgia. [Jun 12 - Aug 10].
Enallagma pallidum Root,
1923. Pale Bluet.
State: W&M (1996*), Donnelly (2004c).
Appling (FSCA), Coffee (DP), Echols (WMC), Effingham
(GB2), Emanuel (GB1), Tattnall (GB4).
Rare in the eastern coastal
plain at lakes and ponds; very rarely found in slow streams. [May 11 - Jun 13].
Enallagma pollutum
(Hagen, 1861). Florida Bluet. State: W&M (1996*), Donnelly (2004c).
Charlton (DP).
It is known only from one
record in southeast Georgia, but since Byers (1927c, 1930) reports it from Leon
County Florida, it should be found in southwest Georgia also. [No date information].
Enallagma signatum
(Hagen, 1861). Orange Bluet. State: Hagen (1861*, 1863, 1874), Banks (1892), Calvert (1893), Muttkowski (1910), W&M (1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Atkinson (DP), Bartow (MD4), Ben Hill (GB2, WMC),
Brantley (GB4), Brooks (GB1), Burke (Wi34), Butts (WMC), Carroll (GB2, WMC), Catoosa
(GB2), Charlton (DP), Clay (GB3), Cook (GB1, GB2), Dade (GDS3, GB2), Decatur (By27c), Early (GB3, MV3), Emanuel
(GB1), Fannin (GB4), Fayette (KT), Floyd (MD4), Franklin (WMC), Fulton (HS4),
Gilmer (GB3), Hancock (MD4), Harris (GB1, GB3, MV3), Irwin (GB3), Jeff Davis
(JF3), Jones (MV3), Lanier (MD4), Laurens (By31), Lee (Ro24), Long (GB3, DP),
Lowndes (MD4), Lumpkin (GB1, MV3), McDuffie (Wi34), Meriwether (GB2), Monroe
(GBi, GB2, GB3), Montgomery (GB2), Morgan (UG), Murray (SR), Newton (UG),
Paulding (GB), Polk (GB), Rabun (GBi), Richmond (UN), Sumter (RB), Talbot /
Upson (GB2), Taliaferro (GB2), Tattnall (GB1), Taylor (GB3), Tift (MD3), Toombs
(GB1), Treutlen (GB1), Union (GB3), Walker (GDS3, GB2), Ware (MV3), Washington
(MD4), Wayne (GB3,DP).
Common throughout the state at
ponds, lakes and streams; uncommon at larger rivers. [Apr 3 - Nov 4].
Enallagma traviatum
traviatum Selys, 1876. Slender Bluet. State: W&M (1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Ben Hill (WMC), Clarke (UG), Cobb (GB3), Crawford
(UG), Dade (GDS3), Fannin (GB4), Floyd (MD4), Franklin (WMC), Gilmer (GB2,
GB3), Jones (WMC), Monroe (GB3, MD3), Montgomery (GB2), Rabun (TD73*), Union
(GB3), Walker (GDS3), Wilkinson (DP).
Uncommon throughout the state
at lakes and ponds, but rare or absent from the deep south and near the coast. [May 15 - Aug 15].
Enallagma vesperum
Calvert, 1919. Vesper Bluet. State: W&M (1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Brantley (DP), Brooks (GB1), Bulloch (DP), Early
(MV3), Floyd (MD4), Harris (GB1), Long (GB3), Lowndes (GB4, MD4), McDuffie
(Wi34*), Richmond (UG, UN), Tattnall (KT, SK, JD, WM95a), Taylor (GB3).
Uncommon throughout state at
ponds and lakes with lily pads, but probably overlooked due to its crepuscular
habits. [Apr 1
- Nov 3].
Enallagma weewa
Byers, 1927. Blackwater Bluet. State: Byers (1927b*, 1930), N&H (1929), W&M (1996), Donnelly
(2004c).
Atkinson (GB4), Berrien (GB3), Brantley (GB4, DP),
Charlton (DP, UG), Clinch (TD), Coffee (GB3), Crawford (UG), Evans (DP), Greene
(MD4), Lanier (UG, UN), Macon (By27c), McDuffie (UN, Wi34), Oglethorpe (By27c),
Richmond (GBi, UN), Tift (GB3), Wayne (DP).
Uncommon below the fall line
in tannic rivers and streams. [May 15 - Nov 4]
Ischnura hastata
(Say, 1839). (Anomalagrion hastatum of some authors). Citrine Forktail. State: Hagen (1874),
W&M (1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Atkinson (DP), Bartow (UG), Brantley (BB), Brooks
(FSCA, GB1), Bulloch (DP), Burke (Wi34), Calhoun (MV3), Camden (UN), Carroll
(GB, GB2), Charlton (Br14, PA, WMC), Chatham (Ha61*), Chattooga (GDS3),
Cherokee (GB), Clarke (UG), Clinch (GB3, WMC), Cobb (GB), Coffee (GB3, GB4),
Columbia (UN), Cook (MD3), Crawford (UG), Dade (GDS3, GB2), Dawson (WMC),
Decatur (UG), Early (MV3), Echols (GB4), Emanuel (GB1), Fannin (GB3), Floyd
(MD4), Franklin (UG, WMC), Gilmer (GB3), Glynn (WMC), Gwinnett (By31, PA),
Habersham (UG), Haralson (WMC), Harris (MV3), Irwin (RB), Jones (WMC), Laurens
(GB1, WMC), Lee (Ro24, RB3, UG), Long (WMC), Lowndes (UG, WMC), Lumpkin (GB1),
McDuffie (UN, Wi34), McIntosh (MV3, DP, UG), Meriwether (GB2), Montgomery (GB1),
Morgan (DP), Murray (GB3, SK), Polk (GB), Rabun (GB3), Richmond (UN), Stephens
(GB2), Tattnall (MV3, WMC), Taylor (GB3, UG, UN), Telfair (WMC), Toombs (KT),
Towns (KT), Walker (GDS3, GB2), Wayne (OO, DP), Wheeler (GB1, WMC), Wilcox
(GB2), Worth (WMC).
Common throughout the state in
grassy areas along ponds, lakes, streams, and rivers. [Mar 13 - Jan 6].
Ischnura kellicotti
Williamson, 1898. Lilypad Forktail. State: W&M (1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Atkinson (RB), Berrien (GB1), Brooks (GB1), Bryan
(GB1), Burke (Wi34*), Butts (MD4), Charlton (OO), Chatham (GB2), Colquitt
(MD4), Cook (GB3), Dodge (GB4), Early (GB2), Echols (WMC), Jeff Davis (MD4),
Long (DP), Lowndes (GB4, MD3), Meriwether (MD4), Montgomery (GB1), Screven
(DP), Sumter (GB2), Tattnall (KT, WM95a), Tift (RB), Treutlen (MD4), Turner
(GB3), Wayne (OO), Wheeler (WMC), Wilkinson (GB3).
Fairly common at ponds and
lakes with lily pads below the fall line. [Mar 21 - Nov 3].
Ischnura posita
(Hagen, 1861). Fragile Forktail. State: Hagen (1874), Banks (1892) as Nehalennia posita, Calvert
(1893), Muttkowski (1910), W&M (1996),
Donnelly (2004c).
Appling (GB), Bartow (GB1, UG), Brantley (BB),
Brooks (GB1), Bulloch (DP), Burke (Wi34), Butts (MD4), Calhoun (MV3), Candler
(GB1), Carroll (GB2, WMC), Catoosa (GB), Chatham (Ha61*, Ha63, Se76), Chattooga
(GB, SR), Clarke (UG), Clayton (GB), Cobb (GB), Coffee (DP), Cook (GB1, GB2),
Crawford (UG), Dade (GDS3, GB2), Dawson (WMC), Dooly (By31), Douglas (GB),
Early (MV3), Echols (GB4), Effingham (GB2), Emanuel (GB1), Fayette (KT, UG),
Floyd (GB1), Franklin (UG, WMC), Fulton (HS4), Gilmer (WMC), Grady (GB1),
Gwinnett (GB, GB2, PA), Habersham (GBi, UN), Haralson (WMC), Harris (MV3),
Irwin (GB1), Jasper (GB2), Jeff Davis (MD4), Jones (MV3, WMC), Lanier (MD4),
Laurens (GB1), Lee (Ro24, UG), Liberty (UN), Long (DP), Lowndes UG), Lumpkin
(GB1), McDuffie (Wi34), McIntosh (MV3), Meriwether (GB1), Monroe (GB2),
Montgomery (GB1), Morgan (MV3, DP, UG), Murray (SK, SR, WMC), Newton (UG), Oglethorpe (UG), Paulding (GB), Polk (GB), Pulaski
(MD4), Putnam (UG), Rabun (GBi), Richmond (UG, UN), Rockdale (GB), Stephens
(GB2), Sumter (RB), Tattnall (GB4, MV3, WMC), Taylor (UG, UN), Telfair (WMC),
Thomas (GB1), Tift (RB), Toombs (GB1, WMC), Truetlen (GB1), Turner (GB3),
Walker (GDS3, GB2), Ware (UG), Wayne (DP), Wheeler (GB1, WMC), White (GB3,
GB4), Whitfield (Ha61*, Ha63, Se76), Wilcox (GB2), Wilkinson (DP), Worth (WMC).
Common throughout the state
near ponds and lakes, and uncommon along streams and rivers. [Mar 1 - Jan 6].
Ischnura prognata
(Hagen, 1861). Furtive Forktail. State: W&M (1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Glynn (GB3), Lee (Ro24*), Liberty (DS), Long (DS),
Tattnall (WM95a), Telfair (WMC), Toombs (WMC), Wayne (DP).
Rare in the southern and
eastern coastal plain in seeps and swampy areas. [Mar 14 - Sep 7].
Ischnura ramburii
(Selys, 1850). Rambur's Forktail. State: Hagen (1874), Cuyler (1989b), W&M (1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Appling (GB4), Baker (MV3), Ben Hill (GB2, GB4),
Berrien (FS2), Bibb (UG), Brooks (GB1), Bryan (GB, GB1, UN), Carroll (WMC),
Charlton (OO, DP), Chatham (GB), Clinch (TD, WMC), Coffee (GB3, RB), Colquitt
(MD3), Crisp (GB2, GB4), DeKalb (UG), Effingham (GB2, UN), Evans (GB1), Floyd
(MD4), Glynn (GB1, GB4), Grady (GB1), Greene (GB), Gwinnett (PA), Haralson
(WMC, GB2), Irwin (GB3, RB), Jasper (GB2), Jefferson (GB2), Jeff Davis (MD4),
Lanier (GB3, MD4), Laurens (GB1), Lee (Ro24, RB), Liberty (UG), Long (GB3, BB),
Lowndes (MD4), McDuffie (Wi34), McIntosh (MV3, UG), Montgomery (GB1, GB2),
Muscogee (GB), Polk (GB), Seminole (GB), Stewart (GB), Taliaferro (GB2),
Tattnall (GB4, WMC), Telfair (WMC), Tift (RB), Toombs (GB1), Treutlen (MD4),
Turner (WMC), Union (GB1), Walker
(GDS3, MD4), Ware (MV3), Wheeler (DP), Whitfield (Ha61*, Ha63), Worth (WMC).
Common throughout the state at
lakes, rivers, and streams; often abundant at ponds. [Mar 21 - Dec 22].
Ischnura verticalis (Say,
1839). Eastern Forktail.
State: Selys (1876*), Calvert (1893, 1903a), Muttkowski
(1910), N&H (1929), W&M (1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Burke (By31), Chattooga (GDS3), Clarke (UG), Clayton
(UG), Dade (GB2), Dawson (MW9), DeKalb (UG), Franklin (WMC), Newton (UG), Rabun
(GBi, GB4) Stephens (UN), Union (GB3), Walker (GDS3).
Uncommon in north Georgia at
lakes; fairly common at shallow ponds; and rare at the same habitats in the
Piedmont. [May
23 - Sep 24].
Nehalennia gracilis
Morse, 1895. Sphagnum Sprite. State: W&M (1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Long (GB3), White (SD83*).
Only known from two records
but at opposite ends of the state; possibly rare throughout in small ponds. Donnelly (2004c) shows it
from scattered localities across northern Florida, central Alabama, and western
North Carolina, so we expect it to be found in more localities in Georgia. [May
8 - May 25].
Nehalennia
integricollis Calvert, 1913. Southern Sprite. State: W&M (1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Charlton (DP, UN), Clinch (WMC), Coweta (FSCA),
Early (FSCA), Fannin (GB3), Laurens (GB4), Lee (Ro24), McDuffie (Wi34), Morgan
(DP), Rabun (FSCA), Richmond (SD), Screven (DP), Telfair (MD4), Thomas (Ca13*; type locality: Thomasville), Walker (MD3), Ware (RB,
UG), Wheeler (DP).
Uncommon throughout the state
in marshy or grassy pond and lake edges. [Apr 5 - Sep 28].
Telebasis byersi
Westfall, 1957. Duckweed Firetail. State: W&M (1996), Donnelly (2004c).
Appling (GB), Bryan (DS), McIntosh (GBi90*).
Rare in eastern coastal plain
in slow margins of rivers, probably overlooked. [Jul 9 - Jul 31].
ANISOPTERA
Tachopteryx thoreyi
(Hagen in Selys, 1858). Gray Petaltail. State: Louton (1982), NW&M
(2000), Donnelly (2004b).
Baldwin (SP), Bartow (GB1, WMC), Butts
(WMC), Carroll (GB2), Cherokee (UG), Clarke (UG), Dawson (GB4), Floyd (MD4),
Forsyth (RT), Franklin (WMC), Jackson (UG), Jefferson (UG), Long (GB3), Lumpkin
(UG), McIntosh (UG), Monroe (GB4), Morgan (FSCA), Murray (WMC), Paulding
(GB), Rabun (Da11*, UG), Talbot (JD),
Walker (MD4), Wayne (DS, GB3), White (UG).
Fairly common at
seeps and associated rivers and streams above the fall line and scattered
below, probably due to a paucity of suitable habitat. [Apr 12 - Jul
18].
Aeshna umbrosa umbrosa
Walker, 1908. Shadow Darner. State: NW&M (2000), Donnelly (2004b).
Cobb (GB, GB2), Fannin (SD83*, UG), Floyd (GB2),
Fulton (UG), Glascock (JF), Hall (D8), Jackson (UG), Murray (GB3), Oconee (UG),
Pickens (UN), Towns (D8, UG).
Uncommon from the middle
Piedmont north in or near streams and small rivers, rare at ponds. [Aug 21 - Dec 7].
Anax junius
(Drury, 1770). Common Green Darner.
State: Hagen (1861*, 1863, 1874, 1875, 1890a), N&W (1955), NW&M
(2000), Donnelly (2004b).
Bacon (GB1), Baker (GB2), Baldwin (SP),
Bartow (GB1), Berrien (MD4), Bibb (UG), Brantley (BB), Calhoun (MV3), Camden
(GB), Carroll (GB), Charlton (OO, PA), Chattooga (GB2, SR), Cherokee (GB),
Clarke (UG), Clayton (GB), Clinch (UG), Cobb (GB), Coffee (GB3), Colquitt
(MD4), Coweta (GB), Dade (GDS3), Decatur (UG), DeKalb (GB, UG), Early (MV3),
Emanuel (UG), Evans (WMC), Fannin (JB3), Floyd (MD3), Forsyth (GB), Glynn
(WMC), Gwinnett (PA), Harris (MV3), Johnson (SD), Jones (MV3), Lamar (GB),
Laurens (GB, PA), Lee (Ro24, RB3), Lincoln (UG), Long (WMC), Lumpkin (MV3),
McDuffie (Wi34), McIntosh (GB, MV3), Meriwether (GB2, MV3), Mitchell (UG),
Monroe (MV3), Morgan (MV3), Murray (SK), Newton (MV3), Oglethorpe (UG),
Paulding (GB), Peach (GB, UN), Rabun (GBi, UN), Richmond (SD, UN), Rockdale (FS2), Seminole (GB), Stewart (GB),
Talbot / Upson (GB2), Tattnall (MV3, WMC), Taylor (S), Tift (LT), Toombs (SD),
Union (SD), Walker (GB2), Ware (MV3, RB), Wayne (OO), White (S, WMC), Wilcox
(GB2), Wilkes (UG).
Common statewide
at ponds, lakes, and marshes, but can be found almost anywhere, including along
the coast as a migrant. It probably flies year round in warm winters. [Jan 28 - Jan
6].
Anax longipes
Hagen, 1861. Comet Darner. State: Hagen (1861*, 1863,
1866, 1874, 1875, 1890a), Banks (1892), Calvert (1906), Muttkowski (1910) as concolor, Needham & Westfall (1955), Ries & Cruden (1966), NW&M (2000),
Donnelly (2004b).
Appling (GB), Baldwin (SP), Bartow (GB1), Bibb (UG), Bryan (DS), Bulloch (AH1, AH3), Burke (DS), Chattooga (GB2), Cobb (GB3), DeKalb (GB), Floyd (MD4), Laurens (GB3), Lee (Ro24) Liberty (UG), Long (DS),
